Caryophyllea—Dianthus. 65 
D. fruticosus is usually considered as a variety of the fore- 
going species. The Tree Carnations and most of the perpetual 
varieties come under this sub-species. The stems are half- 
woody at the base, and rise to a height of 3 to 6 feet when 
supported. The varieties are now becoming numerous, but 
they are more valuable for winter flowering under glass than 
for the flower garden. It is said to be of Eastern origin and 
a wild form. In the French edition this is held to be distinct 
from D. Curyophyllus. 
2. D. plumarius. Pink.—A much dwarfer plant than the 
foregoing, forming dense grass-like tufts of a glaucous tint, 
and therefore well adapted for edging. Its flowering season 
commences about the middle or end of May, and is of about 
a month’s duration. There are many varieties of it, mostly 
very fragrant, both double 
and single, white, rose, bright 
carmine, and some are laced 
or bordered with carmine or 
lake on a rose or white ground. 
For pot culture preference 
is usually given to the white 
varieties or those bordered 
with purple on a white ground. 
It is a native of the South of 
Europe. 
3. D. barbatus (fig. 44). 
Sweet William.—This is in- 
digenous in the central and 
western Pyrenees and other 
parts of Europe. It is readily 
distinguished from the preced- 
ing species by its broader ob- 
long-lanceolate leaves alone, 
and also by the relative small- 
ness of its flowers, which by 
way of compensation are borne 
in dense corymbs. The date 
of its introduction to our gar- 
dens is so remote that it is 
difficult to find its origin in Fig. 44, Dianthus barbatus, (4 nat. size.) 
the old authors; but one thing 
is certain, that it is only within the last fifty years that the 
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