Rosacee—Crategus. 175 
4..C. Crus-galli. Cockspur Thorn.—A small shrub or tree 
beset with strong curved spines. [eaves glabrous and glossy 
above, lanceolate or oblong-cuneate, narrowed into a short 
petiole, serrulate or irregularly lobed. Flowers large, white. 
Fruits bright red and showy. There are several varieties, such 
as ovalifolia, pyracanthifolia, ete. It is also known under 
the names licida and laurifolia. 
C. pyrifolia and C. prunifolia are varieties of an allied 
North American species, C. tomentosa: the former has very large 
oblong irregularly toothed leaves, large corymbs of white 
flowers, and orange pear-shaped medium-sized fruits; and the 
latter has smaller scarlet fruits, though otherwise very much 
like the Cockspur Thorn, except in the pubescence of some 
parts. (C. Dougldsit is another of the same group with reddish 
twigs and oval or roundish cut and serrated glabrous leaves. 
C. Meaxicina is an American species, rarer in cultivation, and 
certainly not so ornamental assome of the above. C. Azarélus 
is a South European species, in the way of the common Haw- 
thorn, with thicker leaves having broader woolly segments, 
and larger yellow or pale red berries. 
11. COTONEASTER. 
Trees or shrubs, erect or decumbent. Leaves alternate, 
very small and persistent, or larger and deciduous. Flowers 
in sparse axillary or terminal cymes, or solitary, small, white, 
with calyx woolly on the outside. Fruit a drupe containing 
3 to 5 hard l-seeded stones. About fifteen species are re- 
ported, from Europe, North Africa, Asia, and Mexico. The 
name is said to be derived from cotonewm, a quince, and aster 
(ad instar), likeness, from the similarity in structure. 
Deciduous Species. 
1. C. vulgaris.—A small erect shrub. Leaves small for 
this section, about 1 to 2 inches long, oblong, ovate or rotun- 
date, pubescent beneath. Flowers small, pink, in axillary 
cymes. Berries spherical, shining, scarlet, yellow, or black. 
A rare native, but common on the Continent. 
2. C. affvnis.—A small tree with ovate-lanceolate mucro- 
nulate quite entire leaves about 3 or 4 inches long, glabrous 
‘ above, hairy beneath. Flowers in large cymes. This and the 
following are used as stocks for grafting the evergreen sorts 
