Caprifohacce—Sambucus. 225 
Corolla rotate. Stamens 5. Berry 3- to 5-celled; cells one- 
seeded. There are about ten species, widely dispersed in 
temperate regions. The name is from cauPv«n, a musical in- 
strument, in reference to the former use of the wood. 
1. S. nigra. Elder.—There are several varieties of this 
common tree in cultivation, including one, lacinidta, with the 
leaves deeply cut, and variegated forms of both varieties, and 
another with double flowers. 
S. Hbulus, Danewort, is an indigenous herbaceous species 
with leafy stipules and smaller cymes, easily recognised as a 
congener of the commoner one. S. racemosa is a South 
European species with yellowish flowers and scarlet berries. 8S. 
Canadénsis and 8. glaiica are North American species rarely 
seen in our gardens, 
Orvsr LVII—RUBIACEA. 
Sus-Orper I.—Stellate. 
Herbs with quadrangular stems and whorled entire leaves. 
Flowers very small, articulated with the pedicel, in axillary or 
terminal stalked cymes. Calyx-limb superior, annular, or 
toothed, or obsolete. Corolla rotate, campanulate or funnel- 
shaped ; lobes valvate. Stamens 3 to 5, inserted on the corolla- 
tube. Fruit didymous, of two l-seeded lobes. The species are 
numerous in temperate countries. Our native Goose-grass, or 
Cleavers, and Bedstraw (Galiwm spp.) belong to this sub-order. 
1. ASPERULA. 
Calyx-limb obsolete. Corolla funnel- or bell-shaped, 4-lobed. 
Stamens 4. There are about fifty species, a few of which are 
in cultivation. The name is from the Latin asper, rough. 
Many of the species are clothed with hispid hairs. 
1. A. odordta.—This is the prettiest of the native species of 
this family, growing about a foot high, with from six to nine 
lanceolate cuspidate ciliate leaves in each whorl, and terminal 
cymes of white flowers. The whole plant exhales a pleasant 
odour when dry. 
2. A. azirea, var. setdsa.—This is a very handsome and 
very hardy annual, growing about a foot or more high. Leaves 
lanceolate, bristly, about eight in a whorl. Flowers sky-blue, 
‘ Q 
