252 Composite—-Chrysanthemum. 
Receptacle naked. Pappus none or cup-shaped. The species are 
natives of Europe, Asia, and North Africa. The name is from 
xXpuoos, golden, and dvOzpor, flowers, but it is only applicable to 
some species. Nome of the species are separated under the name 
Pyrithrum, from having a cup-shaped membranous pappus. 
The first name is retained because it is in general use. The 
Ox-eye Daisy, C. Leucdntheimum, and the Corn Marigold, 
C ségeture, are two familiar native species. 
1. Ch. Sinénse, including Ch. TIidicuwm.—These two names 
designate two tolerably distinct races which are now generally 
believed to have sprung from one and the same species. How- 
ever this may be, some of the varietics in cultivation at the 
present time cannot be referred to one or the other with cer- 
tainty, and to these has recently been added a third ¢roup of 
varieties from Japan remarkable alike for their ragved gro- 
tesque-looking Hower-heads and the unusual tints of the flowers. 
The Eitery of the garden varietios is rather obscure, and the 
the production of aetevel varieties is more familiar. a some 
books we find the year 1704 given as the date of the original 
introduction of some Chinese variety or varieties. But 1790 
is the earliest authentic account we have, at which period it 
was introduced into France by a merchant named Blanchard ; 
and in 1826 an amateur of Toulouse named Bernct conceived 
the idea of raising plants from seed, which resulted in the 
acquisition of some new varieties. This method was soon 
adopted by other growers, at first in France and subsequently 
in England, where Chrysanthemums now receive more attention 
than in any other country. The variety or yace called Zndicum 
was imported from China about the year 1835, and this was sub- 
jected to the same procedure, and crossed with varieties of the 
older strain. 
We must not omit to mention that, besides the ordinary 
double flowers of this family, in which the florets are clon- 
gated on one side only, there is another form having the 
disk florets elongated and regularly 5-toothed. Varieties of the 
latter class were introduced by Fortune. The colours and tints 
of Chrysanthemums belone to the red, yellow, and orange 
group, with innumerable intermediate hues and pure white. 
Florists divide them into Large-flowered (fig. 139) and Small- 
flowered or Pompon (fie. 140); the former being the type of 
those first introduced. There are also the Japanese varieties 
