404 Olmacea—U linus. 
samara. The forms named mdjor, glibra, stricta, etc., are 
referred to this species, and there are many other varieties in 
cultivation, including one with exceedingly handsome ample 
foliage and pendulous branches. The forms called plumdsa 
and jilicifolia also appear to belong to this species. The former 
is very robust, and has very large distichous leaves, whilst in the 
latter they are deeply pinnatifid. The Wych Elm is considered 
to be indigenous in North Britain and throughout temperate 
Europe and Siberia. 
2. U. canupéstris. Common Elm.—This differs from the 
last in its smaller foliage, more erect habit, and usually greater 
profusion of fruits, though it rarely ripens its seed. Seed 
above the centre of the vhovate or oblong samara. U. sube- 
rosa and a host of other varieties are considered as belonging 
here, but the great diversity both in foliage and habit renders 
it difficult to assign some of them to their proper place. 
Amongst some of the most striking we may mention :-— 
Berardi, of slender habit and very small foliage; fastigzdta, 
an erect-growing form with small foliage; and microphylla 
péndula, witb slender drooping branches and small leaves. 
Besides these there are some slender variegated forms, both 
erect and pendulous, and edged or blotched with silver or 
gold; but they are too numerous to be included here, and as the 
names they bear in nurseries usnally describe their peculiarities 
it is unnecessary. Although now very common, this is supposed 
to be an introduced tree in Britain, coming from the South 
and centre of Europe. 
Two or three of the American species are met with in some 
collections, the commonest of which is U. Americina. This 
has large abruptly acuminate obovate or oblong leaves, pedi- 
cellate flowers in dense fascicles, and ciliate glabrous fruits. 
U. alata, another American species, has corky winged branches ; 
and U. racemose has racemose flowers. 
2. PLANERA. 
Trees very similar to the Elms in habit and foliage, though 
usually with a naked trunk and branched head. Flowers poly- 
gamous. Perianth 4- or 5-lobed; stamens 4 or 5. Fruit 1- 
or 2-celled, 1- or 2-seeded, nut-like, and covered with pro- 
tuberances, not winged. The species are natives of North 
America, the Caucasus, Siberia, and Japan. This genus was 
named after a German botanist. 
