‘Cupulrfere—Quercus. 409 
the Elm and other species, very rarely attaining to 90 or 100 
feet. There are two extreme forms which have been classed as 
species, but intermediate connecting varieties have since been 
discovered. Q. R. sessiliflora has petiolate leaves and nearly 
or quite sessile acorns; Q. R. pedunculdta has sessile leaves 
and pedunculate acorns. This species has a wide range of 
distribution in Europe and Asia. There are several slight 
varieties, and a few sufficiently distinct to plant in large col- ° 
lections, such as péndula, heterophylla, pectindta, variegata, 
and picta, the latter with pink, white and green foliage. 
2. Q. Cérris. Turkey Oak.—A very handsome deciduous 
South European species of more rapid and symmetrical growth 
than the native Oak. The leaves in the common form are 
usually smaller and more finely lobed and sharply toothed, and 
the fruit is not ripened till the second year. The bracts 
forming the cup or involucre of the long narrow acorn are long, 
narrow and spreading. This is the only exotic deciduous 
species commonly planted, and of this there are many fine 
specimens in various parts of this country. Although the leaves 
change to brown in Autumn, they persist during a greater part of 
Winter. There are several varieties, including a very beautiful 
silver-variegated one, and another with large almost evergreen 
foliage called Fulhaménsis. 
3. Q. coccinea. Scarlet Oak.—A highly ornamental species 
with large deciduous oblong-oval sinuately lobed petiolate 
glabrescent leaves about a foot long. Acorn small, ovoid or 
globular, half-immersed in a scaly involucre. This isa hand- 
some fast-growing large tree of pyramidal outline, and espe- 
cially conspicuous in Autumn when the foliage changes to a 
bright scarlet. It is a native of North America, and less 
valuable as a timber-tree than many other species. 
Q. alba, White Oak, Q. macrocérpa, Bur Oak, Q. risbra, 
Red Oak, and Q. tinctoria, Yellow-barked Oak, are other North 
American ornamental and useful species, but they are almost 
unknown in this country. Q. dgilops, the Valonia Oak, fur- 
nishes the very large acorns imported from the South of Europe 
into this country for tanning purposes. It is rarely seen, except 
in a very small state, in this country. 
4, Q. Ilex. Evergreen Oak.—The only species of the ever- 
green section commonly seen. It is variable in foliage from 
narrow-lanceolate to oblong or nearly rotundate, and more or 
less prickly toothed or quite entire. The acorns are small and 
