412 Cupulifera—Carpinus. 
4. CARPINUS. 
Deciduous small trees. Perianth none. Male flowers in 
lateral drooping catkins, with 6 to 12 stamens in the axils of 
the ovate acute bracts. Female flowers in terminal pendulous 
bracteate catkins, 2 at the base of each deciduous bract; brac- 
teoles lobed. Fruit I-celled, 1-seeded, somewhat woody, 
strongly nerved, enclosed in the enlarged lobed bracteole. 
Four species are known, all natives of the north temperate zone. 
The name is of classical origin. 
1. C. Bétulus. Hornbeam.-—A small indigenous tree 
resembling the Beech in foliage, but readily distinguished by 
the opaque not shining doubly serrate leaves, simply pubescent 
not silky, hairy below, and the winged fruit. Indigenous in 
the South of England. 
5. OSTRYA. 
Deciduous trees, very near the Hornbeams in foliage, but 
having the female flowers in terminal drooping catkins, each 
enclosed in an inflated membranons involucre, which enlarges 
and closes over the fruit. The mature female catkins strongly 
resemble those of the Hop, giving the tree a very singular and 
pretty appearance. There are three or four species, natives of 
Europe, Asia, and North America. Ostrya is the ancient Latin 
name of O. vulgaris. 
1. O. vulgaris, syn. O. curpinifolia. Hop-Hornbeam.—A 
moderate-sized tree with a much-branched rounded head and 
cordate-ovate acuminate leaves. A native of the South of 
Europe. 
O. Virginica, a similar tree, bears the names Iron-wood 
and Lever-wood in North America. 
6. CORYLUS. 
Deciduous shrubs or small trees, producing their flowers 
before the leaves. Male flowers devoid of perianth, arranged 
in clustered pendent catkins. Stamens4or 8. Female flowers 
minute, few together, in lateral and terminal bracteolate clus- 
ters. Fruit by abortion l-celled and usually 1-seeded, more or 
less enclosed in the enlarged leafy involucre, whence the generic 
name, from xépus,a helmet. There are about seven species 
distributed over the temperate regions of the north. None of 
them are, strictly speaking, ornamental; but C. Avellana, the 
