Conifere—Pinus. ADs 
and crowded appressed dark green and glaucous foliave. 
Leaves slender, flexible, from 2 to 3 inches long. Sheath 
small, deciduous, as it is also in the two last. Cone erect, 
about 3 or 4 inches long. The variety pjgmwa is an ex- 
tremely diminutive Pine, attaining a height only of 5 or 6 
feet, it is said, in a hundred years. There is also a variegated 
and several other varieties, the best of which is Helvética, with 
twisted leaves, some: of which are glossy green, whilst others 
are glaucous and opaque. A very hardy species, occurring in 
the mountains of Central Europe and in Siberia. 
17. P. fléxilis.—A small slow-growing tree near the last in 
many particulars, but having more flexible branches and a 
bushy habit. Leaves crowded, rigid, about 2 inches long. 
Cones from 4 to 5 inches long, with wedge-shaped scales. A 
native of California. 
18. P. lophospérma.—tThis is very distinct in habit and foliage 
from all of the preceding species of this section. It is a hand- 
some tree of large dimensions with rather loose branches and 
glossy yellowish green leaves from 7 to 10 inches long. Sheath 
large, persistent. Cones nearly globular, about 5 inches long, 
smooth and shining. Thisis a native of Lower California, and’ 
rather tender. 
P. monticola and P. Lambertidna are Californian species 
near P. Strébus; and P. parviflora and P. Koraiénsis are 
recently introduced Japanese species of this affinity. 
In addition to the foregoing species of Punus, we might 
have included some of the numerous Mexican species; but as 
they are all more or less tender, and the scope of our work 
limited, we have preferred to pass them by with this slight 
allusion. 
2. ABIES (including Picea and Tsiga). 
Evergreen trees or shrubs. Leaves needle-shaped or slightly 
flattened and linear, never clustered. Male cones or catkins 
axillary. Female cones terminal or lateral, pendulous or erect, 
with thin closely imbricated scales not thickened at the tip. 
Seeds usually winged. The species included under this head 
differ considerably in habit and foliage and position of the 
cones, and by some authors they are divided intothree genera ; 
but the long series of species now known exhibit every grada- 
tion of the supposed distinctive characters. Nevertheless, for 
broad distinctions of groups some of these features are useful. 
