Conifera@—aA bies. 427 
ties, but this enumeration will be sufficient for all but collec- 
tors. The Common Spruce is found in the mountain valleys 
of Central and the plains of Northern Europe and Asia. 
2. A. alba. White Spruce.—A handsome compact-growing 
small tree 50 to 70 feet high, resembling the Common Spruce, 
but with shorter thicker less sharply pointed pale glaucous 
green leaves, and small cylindrical cones from 1 to 2 inches 
long. Scales of the cone entire. A native of Canada and 
other parts of North America. The variety minima is an ex- 
tremely diminutive plant of globular form. It is the echino- 
Joérmis of French gardens. The varieties glauca and eerilea 
differ merely in the tint of the foliage. 
3. A. nigra. Black Spruce.—This species has the small 
cones of the last species, but the scales are irregularly toothed 
at the margin. The foliage too is of a deep dark green colour. 
Neither this nor the last equal the Common Spruce as an 
ornamental tree, for they both lose their beauty as they grow 
old. A. rubra, Red Spruce, is a variety of this with redder 
bark and cones. Both occur in the northern parts of North 
America. 
A. obovata and A. orientalis are two closely allied species or 
forms of one species, the former from Siberia, and the latter 
‘from the countries bordering the Black Sea. They are re- 
markable for their compact habit and small slender foliage, 
and loose cones from 2 to 3 inches long. ‘The latter is some- 
times found under the alias of Wittmanianu and is a slow- 
growing handsome tree. 
4, A. Menziésit.—This is a tree from 50 to 70 feet or more 
high with very rigid slender divergent crowded mucronate 
leaves about an inch long, bright green above, glaucous 
beneath. Cones about 3 or 4 incheslong. Scales thin, oblong, 
toothed. A very hardy species, not so ornamental as some 
others on account of the early loss of its leaves. Northern 
California. 
5. A. Smithiana, syn. A. Morinda.—A large tree with 
graceful drooping branches densely clothed with rigid sharply 
mucronate bright green leaves from 14 to 2 incheslong. Cones 
from 4 to 6 inches long, with broad entire rather thick shining 
brown scales. This is a native of the mountains of Northern 
India, China, and Japan. Unlike many of its class, this tree in- 
creases in beauty with size, and on the same soil and in the 
same situation it gradually assumes a beautiful form from the 
