Contfera—F uniperus. 439 
evergreen, very similar to the last in foliage, which is however 
of a bright lively green. A desirable hardy shrub from China 
and Japan. 
3. J. commimis. Common Juniper.—This is the only in- 
digenous species, and one of wide distribution, occurring 
throughout Europe, North Africa, North Asia, and northern 
parts of North America, in a great variety of forms, from a tree 
50 feet high to a creeping bush not more than a foot high. 
The leaves are subulate, rigid, sharp-pointed, spreading, and 
opposite or in threes, usually glaucous above and green below. 
There are several distinct varieties in cultivation, among which 
we may mention :—alpina, syn. Canadénsis and depréssa, of 
trailing or ascending habit and glaucous foliage ; Hibérnica, 
Irish Juniper, a distinct variety of erect dense conical outline 
and silvery foliage ; Hibérnica variegata, the same as the last 
with prettily variegated leaves; Suécica, Swedish Juniper, 
a more erect-growing form than the type, with longer more 
distant leaves of a yellowish-green tint; and péndula, with 
slender somewhat drooping branches of a reddish colour, con- 
trasting well with the glaucous green foliage. J. compréssa is 
a sub-variety of the Irish Juniper, of dwarfer denser habit, with 
slender branches and smaller leaves. 
4, J. Virginidna. Red Cedar.—A shrub or small tree oeca- 
sionally attaining a height of 30 feet or more. Leaves on 
young plants and some parts of the older subulate and spread- 
ing; on older, nearly all very minute, scale-like and closely 
imbricated. Fruit very small, of a bluish glaucous tinge. 
This is an extremely variable species both in size, habit and 
foliage, and some of the forms rank amongst the hardiest and 
most ornamental of the genus. From the great disparity in 
the proportion of scale-like leaves and subulate leaves in dif 
ferent individuals, as well as the more or less distinct habit, it is 
difficult to find two plants exactly alike, even in a large plan- 
tation. The prevailing hue is dark sombre green, but in the 
variety glauca, syn. alba argéntea and cvnerascens, the foliage 
is of a silvery glaucous tinge. The compact conical habit of 
this variety combined with its silvery foliage renders it very 
distinct and desirable. J. V. hivmilis is a dwarf spreading 
form with foliage of a reddish tinge. J. V. péndula, of which 
there are two or three varieties, has long slender pendulous 
branches. The variety called péndula viridis is the best. In 
addition to the above we may mention the variegated varieties 
