PART II. 
PRACTICAL GARDENING. 
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CHAPTER I. 
THE CULTIVATION OF PLANT'S. 
Tue successful cultivation of plants depends upon a great 
variety of conditions essential to their perfect development, 
such as climate, soil, and general treatment. We devote a few 
pages to the consideration of each of these conditions in their 
relation to plant life. These paragraphs are necessarily brief, 
but we have endeavoured to condense as much information in 
them as the space at our disposal will admit of; and we have 
confined ourselves to simple explanations or directions, as the 
case may be, for the use of those possessing little practical 
knowledge. 
§ 1. VecrtaBLe Puystonogy ann EcoNoMY CONSIDERED IN 
THEIR RELATIONS TO HORTICULTURE. 
A few words on the composition of the permanent fabric of 
plants and the principal phenomena of plant-life may serve to 
show the importance of exercising the utmost care and fore- 
thought in all cultural operations. 
Vegetable organisms consist of every intermediate gradation 
between a single cell without any visible reproductive organs, up 
to very complex combinations and modifications of tissue and 
elaborate organs of reproduction in the higher stages of de- 
velopment. We purpose limiting our remarks to the growth, 
composition, and functions of the nutritive organs, or root, 
stem, and leaves. All plants coming within our province are 
built up of an infinity of cells, forming two principal kinds of 
tissue, namely, vascular or woody tissue, and cellular or her- 
