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CHAPTER II. 
CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS ACCORDING TO THEIR 
DURATION, HABIT, ETC. 
For horticultural purposes, the Vegetable Kingdom may be 
divided into Woody and Herbaceous species. These terms are 
almost sufficiently expressive without explanation; but it is 
necessary to mention that all plants with annual stems, whether 
ligneous or otherwise, belong to the latter division. A few 
tender shrubs, Fuchsias for example, are treated as herbaceous, 
and cut down annually. 
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I. Woopy Puants. 
The following are the principal natural orders represented by 
the woody vegetation of this country, whether indigenous or 
introduced :—Berberidacez, Tiliaceze, Rhamnacee, Sapindacee, 
Ilicinex, Caprifoliaceze, Cornaceze, Ericacee, Ulmacee, Plata- 
nacee, Betulacez, Cupulifere, Salicines, and Conifera. A few 
species are contributed by the Magnoliacez, Cistinese, Tamaris- 
cinee, Simaruber, Celastrines, Hamamelidee, Thymelacez, 
Eleagnacee, Lauracesee, and Juglandacee. The orders here 
enumerated are composed almost exclusively of woody plants. 
The Rosacese, Leguminose, Oleacer, Saxifragez, and Araliacez 
include nearly all the remaining species. Woody plants are 
described as Arboreseent or Frutescent. 
1. Arborescent.—This division includes a yast number of 
subjects, varying almost indefinitely in minor details, such as 
size, habit, foliage, flowers, ete. Only those species which 
naturally form a single stem, instead of branching out at the 
base into a number of more or less equal ramifications, come 
under this head. These may again be divided into Evergreen 
trees, distinguished by their persistent foliage ; and Deciduous 
trees, those which shed their foliage in autumn, or only retain 
it in a withered or discoloured condition through the winter. 
Some trees, it should be observed, which are evergreen in their 
