Evergreen Shrubs. 605 
of shrubberies. A little larger in stature and adapted for 
second lines and clumps are the Phillyreas, Rhamnus Alater- 
nus, Aucubas, the varieties of the Common Laurel, Juniperus 
Chinensis, J. communis varieties, Biota orientalis Japonica, 
B. o. glauca, B. 0. pendula, Taxus baccata varieties, Hollies in 
variety, Buxus sempervirens varieties, etc.; and, in favourable 
localities, Euonymus Japonicus varieties, Photinia serrulata 
and arbutifolia, Pittosporum undulatum, Osmanthus, Japanese 
Hollies, tender Cypresses, Libocedrus Chiliensis, ete. In this 
class there are many species or varieties remarkable for their 
compact or formal habit. These are chiefly employed for 
planting in geometrical gardens as single specimens. They 
include the Golden Cypress, Irish Yew, Retinospora ericoides, 
Abies excelsa, pygmea, and Clanbrasiliana, and many other 
dwarf forms of Biota, Thuja, and other Conifers, which are 
mentioned under their respective genera. Hollies, too, and 
Portugal Laurels, Sweet Bays, common Yews, and Phillyreas 
may be pruned into shape for the same purposes. Amongst 
the best of the variegated evergreen shrubs with inconspicuous 
flowers are: Aucubas, Hollies, Euonymus, and Box in variety, 
Yews, Arbor-Vites, Osmanthus, Thujopsis, and Retinospora. 
Evergreen shrubs of a larger size, some of which eventually 
become arborescent, are: Portugal Laurels, common Laurel, 
Sweet Bay, Arbutus, many Junipers, Cypresses, Arbor-Vites, 
common Yew, Evergreen Oak, Abies, and Picea. 
We now come to the Erect Evergreen Flowering Shrubs. 
In this group, although we have considerable variety, there is 
little difficulty in making a choice. The greater part of them 
are known as American plants, and grow by preference in 
vegetable mould or peat. But some of them, as Rhododendron 
Ponticum, will flourish in a rich loam. Amongst the larger- 
growing species we have the Portugal and Common Laurels, 
Laurestine, Magnolia glauca, Rhododendron Ponticum, and 
gradually smaller species of Berberis, Rhododendron, Garrya, 
Gaultheria, Ceanothus, Andromeda, Ligustrum, Ledum, Kal- 
mia, Daphne, and Erica. A selection of the best would in- 
elude the following: Laurestine, Berberis Darwinii, B. steno- 
phylla, B. aquifolia, B. Bealii, Magnolia glauca, varieties of 
Rhododendron Ponticum, Rh. Catawbiense, and Rh. maximum, 
Kalmia latifolia and K. glauca, Daphne Cneorum, Ledum 
palustre, Erica carnea, Yucca gloriosa, Ceanothus aznreus and 
C. Veitchianus, and Andromeda and Gaultheria in variety. 
