clnnuals and Biennials. 617 
season, and are consequently suited fur the same purposes as 
those of essentially annual duration. Several orders are par- 
ticularly rich in annual plants, just as certain regions favour 
an annual or perennial vegetation, according to climate.!| The 
principal orders represented by annual plants, are the Ranun- 
culacee, Papaveracee, Cruciferze, Caryophyllacex, Malvacee, 
Geraniacex, Cucurbitacee, Composite, Polemoniacee, Con- 
volvulacee, Scrophularines, and Amaranthacee. Many other 
orders are represented in gardens by annual species, and indeed 
by some of the most ornamental, such as the Portulacaceze and 
the Campanulacee ; but by far the greater number are referred 
to the orders above enumerated. For practical purposes 
annual herbs may be divided into several different classes, 
according to height, colour, degree of hardiness, ete. Climbing 
and trailing annuals are referred to at p. 613, where climbers 
with annual stems are reviewed. The most important division 
of plants belonging to this group depends upon their compara- 
tive hardiness. They may be roughly classed as hardy and 
half-hardy. The first will bear frost, more or less, and are 
usually sown in the open ground, where it is intended they 
shall bloom; and those belonging to the second class will not 
bear frost, and must be raised under glass, if desired that they 
should flower early and ripen seed. 
The following is a selection of desirable hardy annuals :— 
Lychnis Cceli-rosa, rose or white, one to two feet high ; Amar- 
anthus caudatus (Love-lies-Bleeding), deep dark red, one to 
two feet high; A. speciosus (Prince’s Feather); Centaurea 
moschata (Purple Sweet Sultan); C. odorata (Yellow Sultan), 
twelve to eighteen inches high; Anagallis indica, a trailer, 
with deep blue flowers; Bartonia aurea, yellow, one to two 
feet high; Centaurea Cyanus (Cornflower), various colours, 
two to three feet high; Chrysanthemum carinatum, varieties, 
about two feet high; Clarkia elegans and C. pulchella varie- 
ties, one to two feet high; Delphinium Ajacis and D. Con- 
solida varieties (Larkspur), two feet high; Erysimum Peroff- 
skianum, orange yellow, one to two feet high; Eschscholtzia 
Californica varieties, one foot high; Gilia, several species ; 
(Enothera (Godetia), spp.; Helianthus annuus (Sunflower) ; 
Iberis umbellata, odorata, and amara (Candytuft), crimson, 
purple, and white ; Lavatera trimestris, rosy-purple and white, 
' For further observations on this point, see the paragraph on Geographical 
Botany in the Introduction. j 
