83 



reaches of horizontal boughs stretching out their level 

 platforms of soft, light green. This horizontal swing 

 of bough is enough to identify the tree as far as you 

 can see it. In the same way, if you look for it, you 

 can tell, afar off, the Swiss Stone pine by its close, 

 compact form and conical head; the Austrian, by 

 stocky, thickset build, more open foliage, and tufting 

 habit of growing its leaves in seeming large brush-like 

 clusters which are very conspicuous; the Scotch, by 

 the very reddish cast on its upper trunk and branches 

 and by its sage-green foliage. But the reddish hue is 

 what strikes you at once. On some of the Scotch pines 

 it is almost brickish in shade. This hue is so strongly 

 in the wood that it has given the tree its common name, 

 in England, of red deal. 



Back of the white pine here, a little east of north, up 

 the hill, near the Transverse Road, you will find hop 

 hornbeam {Ostrya Virginica) . Its leaves are much like 

 those of the hornbeam proper, but there the resemblance 

 between the two trees ends. The hop hornbeam bark is 

 rough, brownish and furrowed, often scaling away 

 from the trunk after the manner of the shagbark hick- 

 ory. Its fruit is very hop-like in appearance (whence 

 the name of the tree) and hangs in conspicuous clusters 

 from the ends of the season's side shoots. The fruit 

 cluster is made up of a number of bag-like involucres, 

 each of which encloses a small, flat seed. The hop 

 hornbeam belongs to the oak family and is often called 

 ironwood or leverwood, from the hardness of its wood. 

 You will know the tree easily by its birch-like leaves 

 and brown bark in narrow scales. 



