MANUAL OF THE APIARY. . 31 



little except in size, and that the latter possesses wings. We 

 see in our bugs, lice, locusts and grasshoppers, illustrations of 

 insects with incomplete transformations. In such cases there 

 is a marked resemblance from the egg to the adult. 



As will be seen by the above description the spiders, which 

 have only two divisions to their bodies, only simple eyes, nO' 

 antennae, eight legs, and no transformations (if we except the 

 partial transformations of the mites), as also the myriapods, 

 which have no marked divisions of the body, and no com- 

 pound eyes — which are always present in the mature insect — 

 many legs. and no transformations, do not belong to the order 

 Insects. 



SUB-ORDER OF THE HONEY BEE. 



The honey bee belongs to the sub-order Hymenoptera (from 

 two Greek words meaning membrane and wings), which also 

 includes the wasps, ants, ichneumon-flies and saw-flies. This 

 group contains insects which possess a tongue by which they 

 may suck (Fig. 20, a), and strong jaws (Fig. 21) for biting. 

 Thus the bees can sip the honeyed sweets of flowers, and also- 

 gnaw away mutilated comb. They have, besides, four wings, 

 and undergo complete tranformations. 



There are among insects strange resemblances. Insects of 

 one sub-order will show a marked likeness to those of another. 

 This is known as mimicry, and sometimes is wonderfully 

 striking between very distant groups. Darwin and Wallace 

 suppose it is a developed peculiarity, not always possessed by 

 the species, and comes through the laws of variation, and nat- 

 ural selection to serve the purpose of protection. Now, right 

 here we have a fine illustration of this mimicry. Just the 

 other day I received through Mr. A. I. Root, an insect which 

 he and the person sending it to him supposed to be a bee, and 

 desired to know whether it was a mal-formed honey-bee or 

 some other species. Now, this insect, though looking in a- 

 general way much like a bee, had only two wings, had no 

 jaws, while its antennae were closer together in front and 

 mere stubs. In fact, it was no bee at all, but belonged to the- 

 sub-order Diptera, or two-wing flies. I have received several 

 similar insects, with like inquiries. Among Diptera there are 

 several families, as the (Estridae or bot-flies, the Syrphidae— 



