MANUAL OF THE APIARY. 287 



been seen, lapping up a sweet juicy exudation, which is 

 secreted by the lice. In 1870 I observed that our tulip 

 trees were alive with bees and wasps, even as late as August, 

 though the trees are in blossom only in June. Examination 

 showed that the exuding sweets from these lice were what 

 attracted the bees. This was observed with some anxiety, as 

 the secretion gives off a very nauseating odor. 



The oozing secretions from this and other lice, not only of 

 the bark-louse family (Coccidae), but of the plant-louse family 

 (Aphidse), are often referred to as honey-dew. Would it not 

 be better to speak of these as insect secretions, and reserve 

 the name honey-dew for sweet secretions from plants, other 

 than those which come from the flowers ? 



NATURAL HISTORY OF THE LECANIUM TULIPIFER^. 



The fully developed insect, like all bark lice, is in the form 

 of a scale (Fig. 113, 1), closely applied to the limb or twig 

 on which it works. This insect, like most of its geims, is 

 brown, very convex above, (Fig. 113, 1), and concave beneath, 

 (Fig. 113, 2). On the under side is a cotton-like secretion, 

 which serves to enfold the eggs. Underneath the species in 

 question are two transverse parallel lines of this white down, 

 (Fig. 113, 2). One of them, probably the anterior, is nearly 

 marginal, and is interrupted in the middle ; while the other 

 is nearly central, and in place of the interruption at the 

 middle, it has a V-shaped projection back or away from the 

 other line. The form of the scale is quadrangular, and 

 not nnlike that of a turtle, (Fig. 113, 1). When fully 

 developed it is a little more than 3-16 of an inch long, and a 

 little more than ■§■ as wide. 



Here at Lansing, the small, yellow, oval eggs appear late 

 in August. In Tennessee they would be found under the 

 scales in their cotton wrappings many days earlier. The eggs 

 are 1-40 of an inch long, and 1-65 of an inch wide- These 

 eggs, which are very numerous, hatch in the locality of their 

 development, and the young or larval lice, quite in contrast 

 with their dried, inert, motionless parents, are spry and 

 active. They are oval, (Figs. 113, 3 and 4), yellow; and 

 1-23 of an inch long, and 1-40 of an inch wide. The eyes, 

 antennae (Fig. 113, 5), and legs, (Fig. 113, 6), are plainly 



