86 The Management and Diseases of the Dog. 
When there is considerable pain without hzemorrhage, 
and the rectum is tumefied, leeches may be conveniently 
and advisedly applied to the parts. Pain, with internal 
hzemorrhage, is best relieved by the addition of a grain of 
opium to the astringent paste or injection.* 
When obstinate constipation prevails, an enema of olive- 
oil is most suitable for facilitating the feecal evacuation, and 
with less pain than with any other form of evacuation. 
Tumours, external or internal, should be removed by 
ligature, zhe animal being under the influence of chloroform. 
The ultimate sore to be treated according to circumstances. 
Foetor may be counteracted by the application if ex- 
ternal, or the injection if internal, of a weak solution of 
chloride of zinc. 
PROLAPSUS ANI. 
This condition of the rectum often occurs in aged dogs 
which are overfed, have but little exercise, and whose 
bowels are either continually constipated or relaxed. It is 
generally a protrusion or eversion of the mucous membrane 
of the rectum rather than the rectum itself. 
Symptoms.—These need but little description—the ever- 
sion being in itself sufficiently diagnostic ; at stool it is 
increased and considerably injected. 
Treatment.—This consists in cleansing and returning the 
protruded portion, and afterwards in the application of cold 
and astringents. Tone will be given to the system, and 
constringement oftheaffected part effected by theadministra- 
tion of tinct. ferri, 10 to 15 minims, twice or three times a 
day in cold water. 
Nutritious diet and a moderate allowance of exercise 
should be given. 
* A drachm each of tannin and opium, with an ounce of lard, makes 
an excellent ointment for piles in dogs.— Finlay Dun. 
