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192. The Management and Diseases of the Dog. 
simultaneously a very intense gastritis, or an enteritis 
which may extend to the cecum. It therefore follows 
that icterus is primarily and essentially a ‘duodenitis 
or gastro-duodenitis—or it might be designated a duodenal 
or gastro-duodenal catarrh. 
“ The existence of this condition explains in an abso 
lutely satisfactory manner the development of all the 
symptoms ; mucous and sanguinolent vomits, constipation, 
diarrhoea or dysentery, sensibility of the abdomen, dryness 
of the mouth, ardent thirst, etc., which are manifested from 
the commencement. 
“ Trasbot explains the mechanism of the biliary stasis as 
follows. The excretory ducts of the liver, not containing 
any contractile elements in their walls, cannot forcibly propel 
the bile passing through them, and this only passes into the 
intestine by the wzs-d-tergo resulting from the secretion 
itself ; the slightest obstruction, therefore, prevents its flow. 
This obstruction it finds in the swollen condition of the 
duodenal mucous membrane and its connective tissue, 
which compresses the biliary duct at its opening into that 
canal, and completely hinders the bile from passing into it. 
“ This obstruction is rendered all the greater when there 
is fibrinous exudate. 
“Invagination of the intestine, so frequently met with in 
the post-mortem examination of dogs which have died ot 
icterus, Trasbot is inclined to ascribe to the blood-poison- 
ing. If worms produce the disease, it can only be by 
irritating the mucous membrane and inducing inflammation 
of it. With regard to treatment, Trasbot recommends. 
calomel given in alterative, not purgative doses, as he has. 
been very successful with it. At the commencement ofthe 
disease he gives tepid drinks which are slightly emollient— 
such as rice gruel—to which is added tartro-borate of 
potass, sulphate of soda, or calcined magnesia, adminis- 
tered five or six times a day. With the calcined magnesia 
he has seen recovery take place in four or five days. The 
