112 The Management and Diseases of the Dog. 
The presence of renal calculi creates more or less irrita 
tion of the kidney, and when, by their growing dimensions, 
pressure on the substance of the gland is produced, this 
irritation is considerably increased, inflammatory action 
arises, and suppuration follows. 
Symptoms.—There is generally an irritable condition of 
the stomach, and the animal frequently vomits. In walk- 
ing he moves with a stiff, straddling gait, and evinces 
tenderness on applying pressure to the lumbar region ; the 
urine is generally voided with pain, in small quantities, and 
mingled at times with blood, mucus, or pus ; considerable 
febrile disturbance is present, rapid emaciation ensues, and 
death sooner or later takes place from exhaustion, nephritis, 
or uremic poisoning. 
When at first the calculi is small, oval, and smooth, it 
may descend by the ureter to the bladder without exciting 
any great disturbance, and be voided from thence again, o1 
it may remain in the bladder, and in the course of time give 
rise to cystic irritation. 
M. Latour records the following case of renal calculi in 
the dog: ‘‘ Seized with pain, August 20, 1827. He barked 
and rolled himself on the ground almost every minute ; he 
made frequent attempts to void his urine, which came from 
him drop.by drop. When compelled to walk his hind and 
fore legs seemed to mingle together, and his loins were bent 
with a perfect curve ; his flanks were drawn in; he could 
scarcely be induced to eat; and he evidently suffered 
much in voiding his faeces. Mild and demulcent liquids 
were his only food. Warm baths and injections were 
applied almost unceasingly, and in eight days he seemed 
to have perfectly gained his health. In March of the fol- 
lowing year the symptoms returned with greater intensity. 
His hind-\legs were drawn after him, he rapidly lost flesh, 
and his howlings were fearful and continuous. The same 
mode of treatment was adopted without any good effect.” 
A calculus, weighing 126 grains, and composed of urate 
