Diseases of the Urinary Organs. 113 
of ammonia, and phosphate and oxalate of lime, was 
found in the pelvis of the kidney. The kidney itself 
was increased in size fourfold, the mucous mem- 
brane covered with ecchymoses, and the walls of the bladder 
thickened.—(Moore.) 
A case of renal calculi, received from Mr. Clarke, of 
Islington, is mentioned in the Veterinarian, March, 1869, 
“No history of the case was given, but the morbid specimen 
is in itself of considerable interest. In both kidneys there 
are several small calculi, the largest of the size of a horse- 
bean, lodged in the pelvic cavities.” 
Treatment.—This consists chiefly in palliative measures. 
Opiates may be given when pain is present; the patient 
may also be placed in a hot bath, or counter-irritation 
applied to the loins. Mild diuretics and laxatives encourage 
the descent of the calculi, as also do mucilaginous drinks 
and sharp exercise. 
CYSTITIS, 
Or inflammation of the bladder, is occasionally met with in 
canine practice. 
Causes.—Mechanical injuries, chronic inflammation of 
the kidneys, or stricture of the urethra, local irritation from 
the presence of calculi, worms, or the administration of 
cantharides or turpentine, blows, falls, or crushes on a 
distended bladder, etc. 
Symptoms.—Considerable uneasiness, with symptoms of 
colic. The animal frequently looks towards the flanks 
‘which are exceedingly tender on both sides; the urine is 
voided sparingly and with great pain, it may be clear and 
high-coloured, clouded and thick, bloody, or mingled with 
mucus and pus. Considerable sympathetic fever is present, 
and frequently vomiting and obstinate constipation. There 
is intense thirst throughout. 
