Diseases of the Urinary Organs. 121 
were normal. In the interior of this viscus, the 
morbid changes were very marked, the whole of 
the mucous membrane was intensely congested, and 
in many places patches of extravasated blood were 
firmly adherent to the surface. A quantity of dark-red 
fluid was taken from the bladder, and set aside 
for further examination. The most remarkable feature 
of the morbid changes was the existence of a large 
number of small calculi, varying in size from a pin’s point 
toa large pea, principally clustered in the neck of the 
bladder, which was quite black in colour, on account of the 
quantity of effused blood in the sub-mucous tissues. In the 
urethral canal, which was cut open, the lining membrane 
was much congested, but there was no calculus, excepting 
the one to which Mr. Gowing alludes, and which was the 
direct cause of the fatal termination of the disease. 
“ Microscopic Examination of the Urine and the Calculous 
Concretions.—The dark-coloured fluid which was removed 
from the bladder contained a considerable quantity of blood; 
this was evident at once from the presence of large coagula ; 
and under the microscope the blood-discs were very abun- 
dant ; besides these there were epithelial cells, a quantity 
of amorphous matter, and some large crystals of triple phos- 
phate. From the result of the microscopic examination of 
the urine there was good reason to conclude that the calculi 
were principally composed of the triple phosphates ; but 
in order to determine the point some of them were sub- 
mitted to examination. In form the bodies were spherical 
or polygonal, the colour nearly white or light yellow, the 
surface, to the unassisted eye, appeared smooth, but under 
a magnifying power of thirty diameters it was irregular, in 
consequence of numerous projecting angles of crystals, 
some of which had become rounded off from attrition. The 
calculi were unacted upon by water, and also by caustic 
potash, but dissolved readily in acetic acid, and in the 
mineral acids ; the addition of a little ammonia to the acid 
