Diseases of the Maminary Gland. 177 
Treatment.—If still in milk, the daily withdrawal of the 
secretion should be observed—by natural means if possible. 
Milk is frequently secreted, independent of the animal 
parturiating, more especially if connection has taken place. 
Its removal, if abundant, is advisable, which may be done 
with the fingers, or an ordinary female breast exhauster. 
A smart dose of aperient medicine, and for a few days 
short commons, is also of service in dispersing it. 
Where the animal is comparatively or quite dry, and we 
have the tumours only to deal with, it becomes a question 
whether, so far as their direct treatment is concerned, we 
shall rely on external application, or a surgical operation. 
If the tumours are of recent date and fluctuating, they 
may be punctured with some amount of success: if 
hardenea and of long existence, their removal with the 
knife can be adopted with safety and success. 
Individually I should give the iodine a fair chance before 
resorting to either. 
CANCER. 
The so-called cancer of the mammary gland is chiefly 
confined to bitches which have parturiated. I say so-called, 
because it is rarely that the true cancer cell can be detected 
—the character is generally that of an indurated or 
scirrhous tumour. In chronic cases they frequently assume 
an osteoid form. I have removed numerous tumours so 
constituted—some with spiculez of bone throughout their 
structure, others only ossified in the centre. If removed 
early, a sac containing pus or watery fluid will generally be 
found within them. 
Causes —External injury, cold, damp, retention of milk 
from not suckling, insufficient suckling, or obstruction, 
sudden withdrawal of whelps soon after parturition. 
Symptoms.—These are usually slow in manifesting them- 
