220 The Management and Diseases of the Dog. 
readers—I transcribe some of his remarks referring to the 
dog, with the accompanying illustrations: 
“Tt is surprising what a number of entozoa infest the 
dog: and itis still more remarkable to observe what a num- 
ber of creatures, including man himself, are destined to 
play the 7é/e of intermediary bearer of the canine parasites 
‘in their juvenile stages of development. It is this con- 
sideration which, to my mind, renders the dog, in the mat- 
ter of parasitism, far more important than any other 
domesticated animal that can be named.” 
The following are the specimens mentioned by Dr. 
Cobbold: Dzstoma conjunctum (Fig. 24), obtained originally 
by Dr. Cobbold from the liver-ducts of an American red 
fox, and spoken to by Dr. Lewis as “not unfrequently met 
with in the bile-ducts ” of the pariah dogs of India. 
_ Holostoma alatum, another fluke (the winged), which, 
‘Dr. Cobbold observes, may be readily taken for the above, 
as occasionally found in the stomach and intestines of the 
dog, but more commonly in the alimentary canal of the 
fox. 
“When people speak of ‘worms’ in the dog, they com- 
monly refer to round and tapeworms ; and in place of recog- 
nising, as they might, fully’a score or more of internal para- 
sites, they are content to roll the entire series into three or 
four species only. It is the function of the helminthologist 
to correct this error. Thus, of the so-called lumbricoid 
and filariform worms, we have no less than eight or nine 
distinct forms, and of theSe the most common species is 
the margined round worm.” 
This lumbricoid of the dog (Ascaris marginata) is pro- 
bably identical with the moustached worm of the cat 
(Ascaris mystax). It is sometimes described as the long 
round worm. The males acquire a length of from two to 
nearly three inches, whilst the females measure four, five, 
or even six inches from head to tail. To afford some 
notion of its prevalence, I may state that it was found at 
