278 The Management and Diseases of the Dog. 
with success, in those cases where exceptional reasons for 
saving animal life and removing the unnatural effects a the 
disease existed. 
-TURNSIDE. 
This condition, commonly known in sheep as “ Gid,” is 
sometimes met with in the dog ; but in the latter it is not 
so frequently due to the presence of hydatids as to other 
causes. The symptoms are not unlike those mentioned in 
the preceding disease, so far as the inclination to move in 
one direction and the paralytic associations are concerned. 
Youatt describes them as follows : 
*He becomes listless, dull, off his food, and scarcely re- 
cognises any surrounding object. He has no fit; but he 
wanders about the room for several hours at a time, 
generally or almost invariably in the same direction, and 
with his head on one side. At first he carefully avoids the 
objects that are in his way ; but by degrees his mental 
faculties become impaired ; his sense of vision is confused 
or lost, and he blunders against everything. In fact, if 
uninterrupted, he would continue his strange perambulation 
incessantly, until he was fairly worn out and died in con- 
vulsions.” 
With regard to post-mortém examinations, he observes: 
“In some cases I have found spicula projecting from the 
inner plate of the skull, and pressing upon or even pene- 
trating the dura mater. I know not why the dog should 
be more subject to these irregularities of cranial surface 
than any of our other patients, but decidedly he is so; 
and where they have pressed upon the brain, there has been 
injection of the membranes. and sometimes effusion between 
them. 
“In some cases I have found effusion without this ex- 
ternal pressure ; and in some cases, but comparatively few 
