General Diseases. 325 
The terminal porti n of the intestines is usually inflamed, 
and the anus protruded and deeply injected, due to the 
continual diarrhoea and straining. 
Causes ——Of these I have invariably traced the leading 
one to defective sanitary arrangements, notably the drain- 
age ; dampness of the walls and floors through clogged 
drains produces a condition of atmosphere favourable to 
catarrhal symptoms, while the collection of effete matter, 
particularly where the drains are untrapped, poisons the 
atmosphere, and acts as a pycemic agent on the inhabitants. 
No more patent illustration of the value of a strict regard 
to hygiene could be offered to canine fanciers than the 
outbreaks I have alluded to. Too often the disease is 
treated, and its founder neglected, to the disappointment 
of employer and employed. The site of kennels and their 
drainage are matters of vital importance. 
Treatment.—Concerning the treatment of this malignant 
‘type of disease, no hard-and-fast line can be laid down; 
generally speaking, the most valuable measures consist in 
‘the inhalation of acid vapour, the administration of mineral 
tonics and diffusible stimulants, a nutritive and mucilaginous 
diet, counter-irritation to the throat (and the sides in chest 
complication), antiseptics and disinfectants, complete isola- 
tion, with warmth and dryness. Diphtheritic conditions 
must be treated under that head; the throat may be mopped 
with warm carbolised water, and the tonsils painted daily 
with tannic acid and glycerine, tincture of perchloride of 
iron and glycerine, a weak solution of liquor chlorinated 
.soda, or nitrate of silver. Subsequently cod-liver oil, nux 
vomica, quinine and steel, may be given. For the skin 
rash nothing excels the oxide of zinc ointment prepared 
with vaseline and sanitas oil. In all such cases the owner 
of the animal will best consult his own interests, and that 
of his dog, by calling in the aid of an experienced canine 
pathologist. In the present year similar outbreaks have 
occurred, upon which various opinions have been expressed, 
