CHAPTER XVIII. 
ACCIDENTS AND OPERATIONS. 
FRACTURES, 
DISLOCATIONS, 
AMPUTATIONS, 
WOUNDS, 
SPRAINS, 
BURNS AND SCALDS, 
UMBILICAL HERNIA, 
VENTRAL HERNIA, 
CATHETERISM, 
VAGINOTOMY, 
ANTI-CONCEPTION OPERA- 
TION, 
SORE FEET, 
SOFT CORNS, 
OVER-GROWTH OF CLAWS, 
REMOVAL OF DEW-CLAWS, 
FEMORAL HERNIA, CROPPING, 
FISTULA, ROUNDING, 
-CYST EXCISION, TAILING, 
CHOKING, WORMING, 
CESOPHAGOTOMY, CASTRATION, 
LITHOTOMY, . SPAYING, 
URETHRAL OBSTRUC- VACCINATION, 
TION, CHLOROFORM. 
FRACTURES. 
THESE are of very common occurrence in the dog. They 
are divided into compound, comminuted, and simple. 
Compound, when there is an external wound communi- 
cating with the fracture; comminuted, when the bone is 
broken into numerous fragments ; simple, when the bone is 
broken only in one place, and without other injury. The 
latter may be transverse, oblique, or longitudinal. 
In young animals, partial or incomplete fracture, 7.e., 
37° 
