Accidents and ‘Operations. 381 
a tense condition, if they are not ruptured, of the muscles 
on the opposite side ; pain on manipulation, with more or 
less swelling ; an absence of true crepitus ; an entirety of 
bone. 
Treatment.—This consists in applying extension in the 
direction required for the reduction of the dislocation: in 
recent cases this will not be difficult. If the shoulder-joint 
be the seat of accident, reduction is most easily accom- 
plished in the following manner: A strong towel or sur- 
cingle is passed underneath the brisket, between the fore- 
legs, over the withers, round the girth, and across the 
front of the breast. This is held firmly, whilst an assistant 
steadily draws the limb in the direction required (Fig 38). 
In dislocation of the elbow, the humerus should be firmly 
grasped by one pair of hands, while another uses steady 
traction on the limb below. 
Dislocation of the knee is extremely rare, and when it 
does occur, it will be necessary, after reduction, by traction 
and manipulation, to place a starch bandage round it for a 
week or ten days. 
» Dislocation of the Hit—This occurs in various forms ; 
the head of the femur may be displaced upwards, down- 
wards, forwards, or backwards. Reduction is performed 
by powerful traction above the hock, in the direction indi- 
cated by the dislocation. At the time of traction, the limb 
should be drawn outwardly from the upper part of the 
thigh, for the purpose of lifting the head of the femur over 
the rim of the acetabulum. Rotation will sometimes aid 
the operation. 
Dislocation of the stifle or patella is rarely met with in 
canine practice. In a case which came under my own care, 
the bone was displaced outwardly, and could be reduced 
readily by-the fingers, but only temporarily. The symptoms 
of displacement of the patella, whether outwardly or in- 
wardly—the two forms usually met with—are an unnatural 
projection on the affected side, with inability to flex the 
