- Appendix, 431 
between the canines in an even row. ‘The teeth should be large 
and strong. 
Neck and Chest.—The neck should be moderate in length, 
rather short than long, very thick, deep, and strong. It should be 
well arched at the back, with much loose, thick and wrinkled skin 
hanging about the throat, forming a double dewlap on each side 
from the lower jaw to the chest. The chest should be very wide 
laterally, round, prominent, and deep, making the dog appear very 
broad and short-legged in front. 
Shoulders.—The shoulders should be broad, slanting, deep, and 
very powerful. / 
Body.—The barrel should be capacious, round, and deep. It 
should be very deep from the top of the shoulders to its lowest 
part, where it joins the chest, and be well let down between the 
fore legs. It should be large in diameter and round behind the 
fore legs (not flat-sided, the ribs being well rounded). The body 
should be well ribbed up behind, with the belly tucked up, and 
not pendulous. 
Back.—The back should be short, broad, and strong, very 
broad at the shoulders, and comparatively narrow at the loins. 
There should be a slight fall in the back close behind the shoulders 
(its lowest part), whence the spine should rise to the loins (the top 
of which should be higher than the top of the shoulder), thence 
curving again more suddenly to the tail, forming an arch (a 
characteristic of the breed)—termed “roach back,” or, more 
correctly, ‘‘ wheel back”. 
Tail,—The tail, termed the “ stern,”’ should be set on low, but 
out rather straight, and then turn downwards, the end pointing 
horizontally. It should be quite round in its whole length, 
smooth, and devoid of fringe or coarse hair. It should be 
moderate in length—rather short than long—thick at the root, 
and tapering rather quickly to a fine point. It should have a 
downward carriage (not having a decided upward curve at the end, 
or being screwed or deformed), and the dog should, from its 
shape and position, not be able to raise it over his back. 
Fore Legs.—The fore legs should be very stout and strong, set 
wide apart, thick, muscular, and straight, with well-developed 
calves, presenting a rather bowed outline ; but the bones of the 
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