Nests in Holes in Trees, Stumps, or Logs 
yellow beneath ; under parts light pinkish brown, shading 
into whitish on the belly, with numerous black spots ; black 
crescent across upper part of breast. 
Adult 2? —Has no black below the eye. Length—12.00. 
Breeding Range—Throughout the Eastern States. 
The eggs are white, and vary greatly in number, from 4 to 
9 being common numbers ; they are laid in holes excavated by 
the birds themselves, in natural cavities, and in deserted holes 
made either by their own species or by other woodpeckers. Any 
tree may be chosen, but the apple tree is perhaps the favourite. 
Size—1.10 x .9go. 
The Golden-winged Woodpecker is one of the most hand- 
somely coloured and best known of the Eastern woodpeckers, 
nearly every orchard containing a pair or more during the breed- 
ing season, which begins early in May. The nests may be found 
within four feet of the ground, but more frequently from ten to 
twenty-five and sometimes as much as sixty feet high ; dead 
stumps or almost any sort of tree may be chosen. Probably no 
other woodpecker found in the Eastern States will use an old 
deserted nest ; the golden-winged, however, does so frequently. 
When a new hole is to be made, both male and female take turns 
at excavating, the work being done at odd times during the day, 
and not only in the early morning and evening, which are the 
working times of the downy woodpecker. This unfortunate 
bird is subjected to various nicknames, some of which are mis- 
nomers, such as the name ‘‘ Yellow-hammer,” which is the 
name of a European bunting (Emberiza citrinella); and some of 
the names given him, such as ‘‘Flicker,” ‘‘ High-hole,” ‘‘ Wood- 
cock,” ‘‘ Pigeon Woodpecker,” and ‘‘Clape,” are not altogether 
appropriate, and certainly not euphonious. 
The nesting season near New York begins early in May. 
452. Crested or Great Crested Flycatcher: Myiarchus 
crinitus (Linn.) 
Adult—Upper parts olive brown or gray ; tail and edges of pri- 
maries chestnut ; feathers on crown rather long, forming a 
short crest ; under parts pale gray on throat and breast, 
shading into pale lemon yellow on the belly. Length—g.o1. 
Breeding Range—Throughout the Eastern States. 
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