Nests in Trees, Bushes, or Vines 
511b. Bronzed Grackle: Q. q. zneus (Ridgw.) 
Adult § —lridescent blue, purple, green, and bronze, without the 
bars on the rump, very similar to the two preceding species ; 
nearly the same as Quiscalus quiscula. 
Adult? —More brown than the male, with more or less irides- 
cence. 
Breeding Range—‘‘ From Texas to Great Slave Lake, east to the 
Alleghanies, as far north as Pennsylvania, and north of 
this eastward to Connecticut, and northward to Labrador.” 
(Chapman. ) 
The breeding habits, nests, and eggs are almost, if not quite, 
identical with those of the two preceding species. 
513. Boat-tailed Grackle: Quiscalus major Vieill. 
Adult 6 —Brilliant blue black, or almost blue. Length—16.00. 
Adult? —Upper parts brownish ; under parts dull buff or snuff 
colour. Length—12.50. 
Breeding Range—Florida, north to Virginia (near the Atlantic 
coast), and on the Gulf coast to Texas. 
The nest is a large structure of grass, saw-grass, sea-weed, 
toots, mud, sticks, and bark, placed in saw-grass or other 
twamps, or in bushes or trees, usually in the immediate vicinity 
of water. The eggs, 3 to 5 in number, are bluish or greenish 
white or drab, with scrawls, spots, and blotches of dark purplish 
brown or black. Size—1.24 x .81. 
These beautiful birds, so resplendent in their bright blue- 
black coats, appear almost like flashes of blue fire as they dart 
among the deep shadows of the Florida alder swamps. They 
are strictly gregarious during the breeding season, which begins 
in April, large numbers nesting within a small area. 
515. Pine Grosbeak: Pinicola enucleator (Linn.) 
Adult 6 —Reddish rose colour, tinged with slaty gray, especially 
on the back and belly ; wings brown, with whitish edgings. 
Adult 2 —Grayish, tinged with yellowish where in the male the 
rose colour is most pronounced. Length—g.08. 
Breeding Range—Chiefly to the north of the United States, and 
probably in northern New England. 
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