Nests in Trees, Bushes, or Vines 
The nest is placed in low bushes or scrub within four feet, 
and sometimes within a few inches, of the ground. It is com- 
posed of leaves, shreds of bark, and scales of beech buds all com- 
pactly woven and secured together with spider webs ; the lining 
in some nests is entirely of horse or cattle hair; others are found 
lined with fibres of grape-vine bark. 3 to 5 eggs are laid; they 
are white, with specks and spots of reddish brown and lilac often 
forming an irregular wreath at the larger end. Size—.71 x .52. 
In damp woods, where the undergrowth is fairly dense, 
these warblers will be found nesting during the latter part of May 
or early in June. 
687. American Redstart: Setophaga ruticilla (Linn.) 
Adult &— Upper parts black ; patch on the wing and basal half 
of tail feathers (except those in the middle) yellowish red ; 
under parts, throat and upper part of breast black; sides 
bright orange red ; belly white. 
Adult 2 —Upper parts greenish gray ; under parts white ; instead 
of orange yellow on the sides, wing, and tail, the female has 
light yellow. Length—5.41. See Fig. 6, Plate B. 
Breeding Range—Throughout the Eastern States, from North Caro- 
lina northward. 
The nest is placed either in a crotch or on a branch against 
the tree trunk, ata height of from five to thirty feet from the 
ground. Itis a beautiful, neat, cup-shaped nest, about two inches 
inside diameter, and one inch deep. The materials used in its 
construction are fine dried grass, a silver-coloured vegetable fibre, 
plant down, and thin strips of bark, with a lining of fine grass 
and hair. 3 or 4 and sometimes 5 eggs are laid; they are white 
or whitish, with spots and small blotches of reddish brown and 
lilac chiefly at the larger end. Size—.66 x .51. 
In the damp woodland these beautiful warblers may be seen 
darting through the rich mass of green foliage like tiny flashes of 
fire. The rare combination of black and flame colour, together 
with their habit of constantly spreading their tail, renders them 
easy of identification. They are seldom seen on the ground 
except when in search of food for their young. The breeding 
season begins towards the end of May. 
166 
