CHAPTER V 
THE STEM AND THE 
Fic. 87, Beefwood, Casuarina, an Austra- 
lian switch plant destitute of foliage leaves 
and depending on the chlorophyll-containing 
cells of the bark for photosynthesis 
Photograph by Robert Cameron 
56 
LEAF 
55. Work of the leafy 
shoot. How plant food 
is made from raw mate- 
rials has been briefly ex- 
plained in Chapter IV. 
In almost all of the 
higher plants this food- 
making is carried on 
by the codperation of 
the stem and the leaf. 
Taken together, they 
are known as the shoot, 
so that the parts of a 
flowering plant (before 
it begins to flower) are 
root and shoot. 
56. Photosynthesis in 
the stem. Among seed 
plants in general it is 
the leaves that do by 
far the greater part of 
the work of photosyn- 
thesis, but some plants, 
as the cacti (fig. 66), 
are practically leafless! 
1 That is, they have no 
leaves which can do any 
food-making or which at all 
resemble ordinary leaves. 
