128 INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY 
flowers. A flower which has stamens only is said to be stam- 
inate, and one which has pistils only is said to be pistillate. 
118. The perianth. In most flowers of dicotyledons the 
ealyx and the corolla are quite unlike in color and texture, 
as they are, for instance, in roses and pinks. 
But in many other cases, as in the (mono- 
cotyledonous) lilies, there is no sharp distinc- 
tion in appearance between sepals and petals. 
This fact makes it convenient to have a single 
name for calyx and corolla taken together, 
Fre. 106, Bilater~ and the word perianth is used to include 
ally symmetrical 
flower of a violet both sets of organs. 
After H. Miller When the calyx is composed of separate 
sepals, and the corolla of separate petals, 
these parts are said to be distinct, and the flower is chorisepalous 
or choripetalous (figs. 102 and 103). In the most specialized 
flowers, both of mono- 
cotyledons and of di- 
cotyledons, the calyx, 
the corolla, or both, 
appear as if grown 
together into a cup 
or tube (figs. 101 and 
123). This condition 
arises from the fact 
that the floral envel- 
opes did not originate Fie. 107. Various types of anther 
in the form of separate al, iris, discharging pollen by a longitudinal slit; 
Bb, barberry, discharging pollen by uplifted valves; 
sepals or petals on the C, nightshade, D, bilberry, both discharging pol- 
surface of the recep- len through holes or pores at the top of the anther. 
A, B, C, after Baillon; D, after Kerner 
tacle, but as zones of 
tissue which developed into a tubular or cup-shaped perianth. 
In this case the flower is said to be synsepalous or sympetatous. 
Sometimes the receptacle itself may be tubular or basin-shaped 
and bear the perianth on its rim. Generally teeth or lobes of 
the calyx or corolla show of how many parts it is composed. 
