FLOWERS 
131 
consisting of a single carpel is said to be simple, and one of 
several carpels, compound. The fact that a pistil consisting 
of several joined carpels is really compound is 
Fie. 112. A pistil 
with the ovary cut 
through lengthwise 
stig, the stigma. 
generally evident from the presence of several 
chambers, or dovules, in the ovary (fig. 113, 4), 
from the occurrence of several ovule-bearing 
areas (fig. 118, B), or from the forked divisions 
of the upper part of the pistil (fig. 112). 
Besides the ovary a pistil often has a stalk 
known as the style, and (in all but the lowest 
Fic. 118. Three modes of bearing ovules 
A, ovary three-loculed, with the ovules, 0, borne on the 
axis (central placenta) formed by the united partitions ; 
B, ovary one-loculed, ovules, 0, borne on the ovary wall 
along three placentas; (, ovary one-loculed, ovules, o, 
borne on a free central placenta. After Behrens 
seed plants) there is a pollen-receiving portion called the 
stigma. The relation of these parts is easily understood from 
an inspection of figure 112. 
Often (fig. 114, B) the style 
is lacking and the stigmas 
are found on the summit or 
on the side of the ovary. In 
this case the stigmas are said 
to be sessile. 
122. Relation of the ovary 
to surrounding organs. In the 
simplest type of flower having 
all four kinds of floral organs 
(fig. 102) the receptacle bears 
the ovary or ovaries at or near 
{ er, 
d top of ovary B 
Fie. 114. A, perigynous flower of buck- 
thorn; B, epigynous flower of English 
ivy — both lengthwise sections 
cal, calyx; pet, petals. Note the curious 
hood-like petals of the buckthorn, each 
inclosing an anther. .4, after Berg and 
Schmidt; B, after Wossidlo 
