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CHARLES DARWIN 
Charles Darwin (b. 1809; d. 1882) for twenty-two years collected data upon problems 
of competition, variation, survival, and heredity: then (185s), together with A. R. 
Wallace (b. 1822; d. 1915). presented his essay, ‘‘ Origin of Species, or Preserva- 
tion of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life’’; published his epoch-making 
book, ‘‘ On the Origin of Species,"’ in 1859, and afterwards published many vol- 
umes containing a great mass of data bearing upon the evolution of plants and 
animals. Darwin was an unsurpassed investigator; his rule of observing without 
prejudice and of adopting no conclusion except on a basis of observed facts, his 
fearlessness in following truth, his revulsion at known error, furnished an invalu- 
able contribution toward the scientific method of study in biology 
