CLASS I. GYMNOSPERMS 
Plants destitute of a closed ovary, style, or stigma. Ovules 
generally borne naked on a carpellary scale, which forms part 
of a cone. Cotyledons often several (Fig. 1). 
1. PINACEZH. Pixe Famity 
Trees or shrubs with wood destitute of ducts, with resinous 
and aromatic juice. Leaves generally evergreen, and needle- 
shaped or awl-shaped. Flowers destitute of floral envelopes, 
moneecious or dicecious, the staminate ones consisting of 
catkin-like spikes of stamens and the pistillate ones consist- 
ing of ovule-bearing scales, arranged in spikes, which ripen 
into cones. 
A 
Each scale of the cone borne in the azil of a bract. Seeds 2, with wings. 
Leaves evergreen, in bundles of 2-5. Pinus, I 
Leaves evergreen, solitary, sessile, keeled on both surfaces. 
: Picea, IT 
Leaves evergreen, solitary, petioled, flat. Tsuga, III 
Leaves solitary, evergreen, flat above, keeled below. Abies, IV 
Leaves clustered, deciduous, flat. Larix, V 
B 
Scales of the cone without bracts, cone becoming globular and woody. 
Leaves linear. 
Leaves alternate, deciduous. Taxodium, VI 
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