PINE FAMILY 17 
3. P. canadensis BSP. Wuite Spruce, Skunk Spruce, Cat 
Spruce. A tall, rather conical tree, 60-70 ft. high. Leaves pale and 
with a bloom sometimes $ in. long. Cones cylindrical, with rounded 
ends, about 2 in. long, falling inside of one year. A handsome tree, 
valuable for timber, ranging far northward. 
4. P. Abies Karst. Norway Spruce. A large tree. Leaves dark 
green, }-1 in. long. Cones 5-7 in. long. Cultivated from Europe. 
Il. TSUGA Carriere 
Sterile flowers, clusters of stamens springing from the axils 
of leaves of the preceding year. Cones terminal, on twigs of 
the preceding year, drooping, thin-scaled, ripening the first 
year. Leaves minutely petioled, short, flat, white beneath, 
2ranked, 
1. T. canadensis Carriére. Hemxocrk. A large tree, in age branch- 
less below when growing in dense woods. When young the spray is 
very graceful and abundant. Leaves short-linear. Cones 4 in. or 
less in length. The wood is coarse and splintery, but useful for 
fences and other rough work. The thick reddish bark is of great 
value for tanning. 
Iv. ABIES Hill 
Sterile flowers from axils of leaves of the preceding year. 
Cones erect, on the sides of the branches, with deciduous 
scales, ripening the first year. Leaves scattered, but on hori- 
zontal branches appearing 2-ranked, flat above, silvery, and 
with a prominent midrib below. 
1. A. balsamea Mill. Barsam Frr. A slender tree, 50-60 ft., 
occasionally 80 ft., high, with dense foliage. Leaves narrowly linear, 
less than 1 in. long. Cones violet-colored until old, cylindrical, 2-4 
in. long. The bark contains many large blisters, filled with the well- 
know Canada balsam. The wood is brittle and of little value. 
V. LARIX Mill. 
Flower spikes short, opening in early spring, before the 
leaves; the fertile ones, while still young, of a beautiful crim- 
son color. Fruit a small cone, with thin scales. Leaves none 
of them scaly, but all needle-shaped, soft, deciduous, very 
numerous, in little brush-like bundles. 
