BARBERRY FAMILY 91 
2. A. alba Miller. BanrBerry. Stem erect, smooth or nearly so, 
18-24 in. high. Leaves large and spreading; leaflets thin. Racemes 
very broad. Petals slender, truncate. Pedicels red, thickened in 
fruiting; berries white. In rich woods, more common S.* 
34. BERBERIDACEZ. Barserry Famity 
Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple or compound, 
usually without stipules. Sepals petal-like. Petals hypogy- 
nous, distinct, their number some multiple of 2, 3, or 4, never 
of 5. Stamens usually one opposite each petal; anthers com- 
monly opening by 2 uplifted lids (the stamens of Podophyllum 
are exceptional). Pistil 1, 1-celled; ovules 2 or more. Fruit a 
berry or capsule. 
I. PODOPHYLLUM L. 
Perennial. Stem simple, smooth, erect, 12-15 in. tall, bear- 
ing 2 leaves with a large white flower between them. Sepals 
6, falling off as the flower opens. Petals 6-9, obovate. Sta- 
mens twice as many as the petals; anthers splitting open 
lengthwise. Pistil 1; stigma large, flat, sessile. Fruit berry- 
like, 1-celled, many-seeded.* 
1. P. peltatum L. May Arpie. Rootstock rather large. Leaves 
orbicular, shield-shaped, 5-9-lobed and toothed, smooth, 9-12 in. 
wide. Flowers 1-2 in. wide, on a peduncle 1-2 in. long. Stamens 
prominent; anthers opening longitudinally. Fruit 14-2 in. long, 
oval, fragrant, edible; each seed surrounded by a pulpy covering. 
In rich woods. The roots and leaves are used in medicine.* 
Il. CAULOPHYLLUM Michx. 
A perennial smooth herb, 1-2} ft. high. Leaf large, single, 
sessile, thrice compound in threes, borne high up on the stem; 
there is also a large, very compound basal leaf. Flowers 
racemed or panicled, yellowish-green. Sepals 6, with 3 bract- 
lets. Petals 6, gland-like, somewhat curved inward at the tip, 
much smaller than the sepals. Pistil 2-ovuled, the ovary soon 
bursting open and leaving the 2 blue seeds to ripen naked. 
1. C. thalictroides Michx. BLuz Conosu, Pappoosz Root. Whole 
plant purplish and covered with a bloom when young. Flowers 
appearing before the leaf is fully developed. Rich woods. 
