POPPY FAMILY 97 
Petals oblong or obovate, quickly deciduous. Capsule 1-celled, 2- 
valved, the valves separating from the persistent placente at ma- 
turity. In rich, open woods.* 
Il. CHELIDONIUM L. 
Erect, branched, perennial herbs, with yellow juice. Leaves 
much divided. Flowers yellow. Sepals 2, falling as the flower 
opens. Petals 4. Ovary 1-celled; style dilated at the top, 
with 2 joined stigmas. Capsule linear. 
1. C. majus L. CeLanpine, Stem 1-2 ft. high, brittle, slightly 
hairy, leafy. Leaves once or twice pinnate. Flowers small. A rather 
common weed in yards, and along fences. Naturalized from Europe. 
IV. PAPAVER L. 
Annual or perennial herbs with milky juice. Stem erect, 
smooth, or rough-hairy, branching above. Leaves more or 
less lobed or dissected. Flower buds nodding, flowers showy. 
Sepals commonly 2, falling off as the flower opens. Petals 
4-6. Stamens many. Stigma disk-like; ovules many, borne 
on many inwardly projecting placente.* 
1. P.somniferum L. Oprum Porpy. Annual. Stem erect, branched 
above, smooth and with a bloom, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves oblong, irreg- 
ularly lobed or cut, sessile, clasping. Flowers nearly white, with a 
purple center, large and showy, on long peduncles. Capsule globose, 
seeds minutely pitted. About old gardens and waste places. Culti- 
vated in southern Asia, where the juice of the capsules is dried to 
make opium.* 
2. P. Rheas L. Corn Poppy. Annual. Stem erect, hairy, 1-3 ft. 
high. Lower leaves petioled, upper ones sessile, all pinnately cut, 
the lobes serrate. Corolla scarlet, often with a dark center, 2-4 in. 
in diameter. Capsule smooth, obovoid. Waste ground, sometimes 
in fields. Introduced from Europe and often cultivated. 
3. P. dubium L. Smoors-Fruitep Poppy. Annual. Stem slender, 
branching, 1-2 ft. tall. Leaves pinnatifid, the lower petioled, the 
upper sessile. Flowers large and showy, usually red; capsule long- 
obovoid, smooth. In cultivated ground. Both this and No. 1 are 
often cultivated in gardens and produce double flowers.* 
4. P. orientale L. OrrenTax Poppy. A large, rough-hairy peren- 
nial. Leaves large, deep green, almost pinnate. Flower very large, 
deep red. Cultivated from the eastern Mediterranean region. 
