32 LIVE-STOCK JUDGING 



parts had been constructed the one for the other rather 

 than formed independently. 



44. Type is the sum total of those features the possession 

 of which enables an individual to meet the definite re- 

 quirements of special service or production. It is mani- 

 fested by that form and contour which mark the distinc- 

 tion between an individual that is blocky from one that 

 is angular, for instance. 



45. Conformation. — Type has to do with the general 

 structure resulting from the assembling of all component 

 parts, while conformation involves the individual structure 

 of each of these parts as a unit. The strength of a chain 

 is measured by the strength of its weakest link, therefore 

 defection in one part may offset an otherwise perfect 

 structure. However, some parts, as the hock joint of a 

 horse or the loin of a steer, for instance, have greater rela- 

 tive importance than others ; thus a deficiency in them 

 would have more influence on the serviceability of the 

 whole than a corresponding inferiority of structure in 

 some other part. Appreciation of conformation, therefore, 

 consists not alone in the detection of points, both superior 

 and inferior, but in attaching to each due significance as 

 bearing on the general excellence of the animal or inter- 

 ference with its adaptability for the purpose to which it 

 is to be put. 



46. Quality is that which pertains to the character of 

 the individual unit of structure, the cell, and the propor- 

 tion of them to the intercellular substance by which they 

 are united in the organization of tissue. Quality is mani- 

 fested in the texture of the tissue such as the hide, hair 

 and bone especially, and by the general finish and refine- 

 ment of the animal structure as a whole. Quality estab- 

 lishes the grade of the animal structure and its products. 



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