108 LIVE-STOCK JUDGING 



and acquired. The former class include type, conforma- 

 tion, direction of leg and form of foot, all of which are 

 governed .by breeding ; the latter embraces educational 

 tactics, mechanical appliances, and the going surface, 

 which are encountered in the horse's schooling and han- 

 dling. 



109. Type as a factor. — Type involves structure and 

 structure is correlated with function, therefore a horse 

 will do as he is. His capacity for one sort of performance 

 will be limited, for another enhanced, by the plan of his 

 structure; a long, lithe, angular horse will have more 

 speed than power, while the draft horse is short legged, 

 broad, square and compact. The stride of the former 

 horse will be characterized by reach and extension, while 

 the cobby horse, for instance, has a short but trappy 

 stride. 



110. Conformation as a factor. — Conformation, involv- 

 ing the details rather than the plan of structure, also in- 

 fluences the horse's way of going. The jiunper has a 

 straight hind leg short from the hip to the hock, while 

 the pacer has a bent hind leg, long from the hip to the 

 hock. 



Direction of leg and form of foot control the directness 

 of the stride, the former determining the course that will 

 be taken by the foot during its stride, whether it will 

 be advanced in a straight line or describe the arc of a 

 circle inward or outward, while the latter fixes the point 

 at which the foot breaks over, whether the center of the 

 toe, the outer or the inner quarter, depending upon whether 

 or not the foot is symmetrical or the inner or outer quarter 

 is higher. 



The common deviations in the direction of the leg are 

 classified as follows : 



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