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LIVE-STOCK JUDGING 



essential features of the udder are its size, shape and tex- 

 ture (Fig. 103). Size is determined by its attachments, 

 which should be high up between the thighs behind and well 

 forward along the abdominal wall below. These attach- 

 ments may be 

 considered as the 

 basis of the ud- 

 der, and are a 

 reUable indica- 

 tion of its real 

 size even in the 

 dry cow or the 

 one just milked 

 out. It should 

 not be necessary 

 to "stretch" ud- 

 ders in order to 

 ascertain their 

 size. The sus- 

 pension from 

 these attach- 

 ments should also 

 be considered. 

 A pendant udder 

 may have the 

 appearance of 

 being large, while 

 in reality there 

 is less gland present than in a much smaller but well- 

 supported udder. With these points fixed, the shape of 

 the udder is next concerned in establishing its capacity. 

 The mammary gland is divisible, longitudinally, into two 

 lateral halves, also transversely, into an anterior and a 



Fig. 103. — Section of the cow's udder showing the 

 internal structure and arrangement of the gland. 



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