THE TYPES 209 



the opposite. Since the raw materials from which milk is 

 produced are conveyed to the udder in the blood stream, 

 the relation between blood supply and production is very 

 intimate. The size of the wells corresponds to the size of 

 the veins and the larger, more torturous veins usually 

 branch and send small ramifications through smaller wells, 

 the so-called extensions, of which there may be two or three. 



The escutcheon, that area on the inner, posterior face 

 of- the thigh where the hair is directed the reverse way, 

 was formerly believed to indicate the blood supply and 

 through it the capacity of the udder. This theory was 

 first advanced by Guenon, a Frenchman, but little im- 

 portance is attached to it now. 



Teats should be placed in the center of the quarters 

 and if the latter are of the proper size and shape the teats 

 will all be equidistant and directed straight downward, 

 in parallel lines. They should be of sufficient size to in- 

 sure a good grasp with a man's hand, short teats being an 

 abomination in this country where men milkers are most 

 common. The teats should not, however, be so long as to 

 render them liable to be tramped upon by neighbors when 

 the cow is lying down and the udder, with its teats, is 

 protruded sideways. They should be regular in form 

 and tapering. Supernumerary teats, while they may 

 indicate extra development of the mammary system, are 

 usually objectionable. 



225. Quality. — Quality of cow and quality of milk are 

 not correlated, exactly, yet the refinement of structure 

 manifested by the cow may have a direct bearing on pro- 

 ductiveness. The udder being composed of a framework 

 of nonsecreting tissue and the essential secreting gland 

 tissue which it supports, the more there is of the latter, 

 the greater the capacity of the udder and the finer its 



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