THE BREEDS OF CATTLE 221 



cattle, although, being unusually low and blocky, they do 

 not appear to possess as much actual scale as Short-horns 

 do. The form is less square and more cyhndrical than that 

 of the Short-horns, their thighs being full and rounded, 

 rather than straight. The head is short and broad, 

 eyes prominent, the skin about the eyes and the muzzle 

 being flesh-colored ; the horns are rather strong, cream- 

 colored, with no black at the tips, spreading, and in bulls 

 directed forward with a characteristic droop. The hide 

 is somewhat heavy, but loose and pliable, and covered 

 with an abundant coat of long, curly but soft and fine 

 hair, which covers the forehead in heavy curls and hangs 

 in locks from the ears. The color, while originally the 

 cause of much dissension among Hereford breeders, has 

 become a most distinct and characteristic feature. Other 

 breeds are red and white, but the distribution of the 

 white in the Hereford is most regular. The face, usually 

 including the ears, jaws and throat, is white, evidence of 

 the old mottled faces being noticeable sometimes in red 

 spots about the eyes ; the under side of the neck, the dew 

 lap, the brisket, more or less of the under line, the legs 

 and the switch are also white, and, most curious of all, 

 there is a clear-cut white stripe on top of the neck from 

 about its middle to the top of the shoulders. The balance 

 of the neck, body and legs are red, either of light, medium 

 or dark shade, the medium being preferred. On account 

 of the regularity with which these white markings occur, 

 the Herefords are popularly known as " White Faces." 



238. The Aberdeen-Angus. — Two distinct races of 

 polled cattle have existed in Scotland since the earliest 

 times of which we have record, one in northeastern Scot- 

 land, which was later evolved into our modern Aberdeen- 

 Angus, and the other in southwestern Scotland, the ante- 



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