THE BREEDS OF CATTLE 225 



account of their value for coats, robes, rugs, etc. The 

 color of the Galloway is black with a peculiar cinnamon 

 tinge, especially noticeable in the under coat and the 

 coat of new-born calves in which it predominates. Any 

 white on the extremities or above the under line is ob- 

 jectionable. 



The first Galloways brought forward in this country 

 were very rough, unsymmetrical individuals, especially 

 deficient in spread of rib, and slow to mature and ripen. 

 Some individuals of the breed still show deficiencies in 

 these respects in spite of the great improvement that has 

 been wrought. Prominent tail heads, heavy shoulders, 

 with a disproportionate height between fore and hind 

 quarters, forequarters being low, flat ribs and an absence 

 of condition are respects in which the breed is still subject 

 to sorne correction. Too much white and the presence 

 of scurs will also count against Galloways. 



240. The Jersey. — A definite scale of points having 

 been formulated and agreed upon by the Island breeders 

 as early as 1835, since which time great care has been 

 taken to keep the blood lines pure, Jerseys are very uni- 

 form in breed type and character (Fig. 112). Cows 

 weigh 800 to 1000 pounds, bulls 1200 to 1500 pounds. 

 Their form is especially symmetrical, although distinctly 

 dairy, and shows great refinement. The head is short, 

 broad and deep, the face lean and distinctly dished be- 

 tween the eyes, the eyes wide apart and unusually prom- 

 inent, ears small, fine and showing rich yellow secretion 

 within, the muzzle black or dark blue surrounded by a 

 light, mealy colored strip of hair and skin, the horns 

 small, fine, white, sharply incurving, waxy in appearance 

 and usually black tipped. The skin is thin, loose, mellow, 

 yellow in color, showing an abundance of rich secretion 



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