THE GRAPE VINE. I07 



source of injury, whether it takes place from red-spider 

 or scorching. The evil most commonly arises from the 

 ravages of spider. As the pulmonary arteries of the 

 body convey the hlood to the lungs, there to be exposed 

 to the air we breathe and undergo change, and be diffused 

 through the system for its nourishment, so is the sap in 

 the vine sent up to the leaves, there to undergo change, 

 and be mad,e fit for plant nourishment. And injury to 

 the lungs does not more certainly lead to debility in 

 the animal, than does the premature destruction of the 

 foliage to the vine or any other plant. 



Early forcing, especially when the roots are in a cold 

 ill-drained border, is most injurious to vines ; and when 

 the principal cause of exhaustion is from a cold ill- 

 drained soil, and where they are otherwise in such a 

 condition that good results might be expected from them 

 — if in a more congenial border — the best way is to clear 

 away the whole soil, disentangling and saving every 

 root that can be saved, to make the drainage effectual, 

 and make a new border, carefully planting the vines 

 again. The best time for this operation is in autumn 

 after the grapes are cut, while the vines are still in leaf 

 and able to make fresh roots. Supposing the vines have 

 roots in both outside and inside borders, the one should 

 be renewed one year and the other the next. When 

 the operation commences, shade the roof with canvas ; 

 and after the roots are laid in the fresh soil, give a good 

 watering at 120°, and cover up the border with dry 

 litter to retain the heat. In 1 8 5 6 I lifted a house of vines, 

 as thus recommended, the first week in October — only 

 the whole instead of half the roots were lifted — and by 

 the end of July 1857 cut a fair crop of grapes from 

 them. And in December of 1858 I lifted a vine after 



