332 APPENDIX A 



a trip which to a learned and broad-minded observer offers the 

 same chance for acquiring knowledge and, if he is himself gifted 

 with wisdom, the same chance of imparting his knowledge to others 

 that is offered by a trip of similar length through the larger cities 

 of Europe or the United States. Probably the best instance of 

 the excellent use to which such an observer can put his experience 

 is afforded by the volume of Mr. Bryce. Of course, such a trip 

 represents travelling of essentially the same kind as travelling by 

 railroad from Atlanta to Calgary or from Madrid to Moscow. 



Next there are the travellers who visit the long-settled districts 

 and colonial cities of the interior, travelling over land or river 

 highways which have been traversed for centuries but which are still 

 primitive as regards the inns and the modes of conveyance. Such 

 travelling is difficult in the sense that travelling in parts of Spain 

 or southern Italy or the Balkan states is difficult. Men and women 

 who have a taste for travel in out-of-the-way places, and who, 

 therefore, do not mind slight discomforts and inconveniences, have 

 the chance themselves to enjoy, and to make othei-s profit by, 

 travels of this kind in South America. In economic, social, and 

 political matters the studies and observations of these travellers are 

 essential in order to supplement, and sometimes to correct, those 

 of travellers of the first category ; for it is not safe to generalize 

 overmuch about any country merely from a visit to its capital or 

 its chief seaport. These travellers of the second category can give 

 us most interesting and valuable information about quaint little 

 belated cities ; about backward country-folk, kindly or the reverse, 

 who show a mixture of the ideas of savagery with the ideas of an 

 ancient peasantry ; and about rough old highways of travel which 

 in comfort do not differ much from those of medieval Europe. 

 The travellers who go up or down the highway rivers that have 

 been travelled for from one to four hundred years — rivers like the 

 Paraguay and Parana, the Amazon, the Tapajos, the Madeira, the 

 lower Orinoco — come in this category. They can add little to our 

 geographical knowledge ; but if they are competent zoologists or 

 archaeologists, especially if they live or sojourn long in a locality, 

 their work may be invaluable from the scientific standpoint. The 

 work of the archasologists among the immeasurably ancient ruins 

 of the lowland forests and the Andean plateaux is of this kind. 



