1917.] Chapman, Distribulion of Bird-life in Colombia. 59 



Andes east of Medellin. Here they worked from December 15 to 23, and 

 then proceeded twelve miles further east to Barro Blanco remaining there 

 from November 25 to 29. Returning to Medellin they collected for three 

 more days (Dec. 1^) at Sta. Elena and arrived at their base December 5. 



In order to determine to what extent the fauna of the lower Atrato has 

 reached the heavily forested portions of the lower Cauca region, the expedi- 

 tion left Medellin December 9 and reached Puerto Valdivia at the head of 

 navigation on the Cauca five days later. Collections were made here until 

 December 26, when the party retraced its steps to La Frijolera, some 5000 

 feet higher, working there from December 29 to January 4. About 600 

 birds were secured on this lower Cauca trip. These,, in connection with 

 Salmon's records from Remedios, Miller and Boyle's later work at Malena 

 near Puerto Berrio, and some 300 specimens collected chiefly by the Bogota 

 expedition along the lower Magdalena, doubtless give a fair indication of 

 the extent to which Pacific coast forms have entered this region. Return- 

 ing to Medellin preparations were made for the ascent of the zoologi- 

 cally unknown Paramillo, at the northern end of the Western Andes, the 

 most important and most difficult piece of exploration planned for this 

 expedition. 



Medellin was left January 14, and Peque reached on the 19th. Here 

 the mules were replaced by Indian porters, and after four days, which evi- 

 dently made exceptional demands on the strength and perseverance of the 

 explorers, the Paramo was reached January 23. Between this date and 

 February 1, over 150 birds were secured. Several were new to science 

 and the collection as a whole very clearly shows the character of this, the 

 highest point found by us in the Western Andes. Most of the species belong 

 to the upper Temperate rather than the Paramo or Alpine Zone; such char- 

 acteristic Paramo species as Phrygilus and Upucerthia were apparently 

 wanting. On the other hand, a number of species were taken which had 

 been previously found on the crest of the Andes west of Popayan, the only 

 other point at which we have discovered a Temperate Zone in the Western 

 Andes. Chief among these is an excellent series of Diglossa gloriosissima, 

 hitherto known only from the specimens secured by Richardson and Miller 

 at an elevation of 10,300 feet west of Popayan. A fine series was also 

 taken of Diglossa brunneivcntris, previously found in Colombia only by 

 Salmon at Sta. Elena, showing that the Colombian form is not separable 

 from the Peruvian race. 



The final work planned for this most successful expedition was on the 

 Atrato slopes of the Western Andes. ' From the Paramillo, Miller and Boyle 

 returned February 9 to Buritica, left this place on the 9th and reached 

 Dabeiba, their first station, on the 11th. Collections were made here from 



