1917.] 



Chapman, Distribution of Bird-life in Colomhia. 



159 



Colombia 

 Premnoplex brunnescens brunnescens 



Sittasomus Eequatorialis ^ 

 Picolaptes lacrymiger lacrymiger 

 Cephalopterus penduliger ' 

 Pachyrhamphus versicolor versicolor 

 Acroohordopus zeledoni ^ 

 Pseudotriccus pelzelni ' 

 Myiochanes ardosiacus 

 Elaenia pudica pudica 

 Lophotriccus squamsecrista squamae- 



crista 

 Myiadestes ralloides venezuelensis 

 Catharus birchalli 



" fuscater fuscater 

 Cinclus leuconotus 

 Henicorhina leucophrys guttata 

 Troglodytes solstitialis 

 Vireosylva josephse josepha 

 Myioborus verticalis verticaHs 

 Compsothlypis pitiayumi 

 Sturnella magna meridionalis ' 

 Chlorospingus albitempora nigriceps 

 Piranga leucoptera ardens 



" testacea 

 Buthraupis melanochlamys 

 Euphonia cyanocephala 

 Saltator olivaseens 

 Buarremon brunneinuchus 

 Atlapetes gutturalis gutturalis 

 Lysurus castaneioeps 

 Brachyspiza capensis peruviana 

 Spinus xanthogaster 



Eastern Panama 

 P. b. brunnei- 

 cauda 



P. pelzelni 



L. s. minor 



M. coloratus 



H. 1. guttata 

 T. festinus 



M. V. verticalis 



Chiriqui-Costa Rica 

 P. b. brunneicauda 



S. sylvioides levis 

 P. affinis neglectus 

 C. glabraooUis 

 P. V. costaricensis 



A. zeledoni 



M. lugubris 



E. frantzi frantzi 



L. s. minor 



M. melanops 

 C. m. costaricensis 

 C. f. hellmayri 

 C. ardesiacus? 

 H. 1. collina 

 T. ochraceus 

 V. j. costaricensis 

 M. aurantiacus 

 C. p. speciosa 

 S. m. alticola 

 C. novicius novicius 

 P. 1. latifasciata 

 " testacea 



B. cseruleigularis 

 E. elegantissima 

 S. grandis 



B. brvmneinuchus 



A. g. brunnescens 

 L. crassirostris 



B. c. peruviana 

 S. xanthogaster 



The Temperate Zone. 



The Temperate Zone lies between the upper limit of the Subtropical 

 Zone and the lower limit of the Paramo Zone, or, approximately, between 

 the altitudes of 9000 and 12,000 feet. In humid regions its upper boun- 

 daries coincide with timber-line. 



Where the Subtropical Zone is arid and treeless, certain Temperate Zone 

 species may descend to the upper borders of the Tropical Zone. Where a 



1 Eastern Andes, 

 ^ Central Andes. 



